A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift - 533 Words

During the late seventeenth century the English controlled-parliament had legislated several ideas and laws that restricted the rights of the Ireland Catholics. This caused the Ireland economy to slowly fall apart as many people discarded the issues. However, Jonathan Swift took advantage of the overlooked laws and went on to write the essay, A Modest Proposal. In this writing piece Swift lodged a ridiculous proposal. In doing so he manifested a clear cut image of how backwards and corrupted the state of Ireland really was in the hands of the English. Swift’s essay employed his insincerity, sarcasm, verbal irony, and rhetorics that depicted the conditions of Ireland and its people. However his tone of the whole essay along with his insincerity illustrated the comical effect of the proposal to make his argument seem unserious. Swift illustrates the purpose of the essay with his insincerity because for starters, he does not put the blame of the states struggles on only the people but the British and politicians as well. He stated that after a poverty-stricken infant lived through his childhood years, theyd either abandon Ireland to fight for Spain or even sell themselves as servants to the Barbadoes. Here he advocated how these people have no pride or sense of nationalism towards their own native country and ultimately will lead them to their demise. By putting this idea out there, Swift suggested that the people of Ireland willingly work as a proud nation and bring forthShow MoreRelatedA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesIn Jonathan Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, we are exposed to the timeless issue of homelessness and the state’s role in their social welfare. Swift was a fervent Irish patriot who was disgusted by the flourishing trend of beggars and h ungry children that flooded the streets of his beloved country. This topic is relatable as this is a social issue that plagues many countries in the present age. Swift presents a satirical argument in which he proposes Ireland adopt the horrific practices of eating theirRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1647 Words   |  7 PagesSatire in â€Å"A Modest Proposal† and Different Articles Jonathan Swift, author of â€Å"A Modest Proposal,† tries to present different ideas in order to change the situation of Ireland. Through his proposal, he is able to get people’s attention, and the way he uses satire throughout the article made his argument more successful. He wrote this essay to show how ignored and bad the state of Ireland and its social classes are. In â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, Swift effectively uses rhetorical exaggeration to expressRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift982 Words   |  4 Pages Jonathan Swift, author of â€Å"A Modest Proposal,† tries to present different ideas in order to change the situation of Ireland. Through his proposal, he is able to get his point across. He wrote this essay to show how undeveloped and bad the state of Ireland is and the social classes. In â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, Swift effectively uses insincerity, sarcasm, and rhetorical exaggeration to reveal his annoyance of politicians, papists, and overall citizens of poverty-stricken Ireland in the late seventeenthRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift813 Words   |  4 PagesJonathan Swift, author of the satirical piece â€Å"A Modest Proposal,† organized an outrageous proposal to the people of Ireland. In this pamphlet, Swift offered his personal views on how to overcome Ireland’s issue of overpopulation and poverty. By raising nationwide attention, Swift plan to shock the readers by emphasizing the idea of cannibalism as a way to deal with Irelandâ€℠¢s problems. Swift’s technique of audience, tone, and pathos help determine the advantages and disadvantages of â€Å"A Model Proposal†Read MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1333 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"A modest proposal† by Jonathan Swift is an essay, which was written to elaborate the poverty of people in Ireland. Where poor viewed as having an absence of worth in the public eye, playing no essential part in more noteworthy else s benefit of the people. Swift uses situational irony in this essay which also represented a work of satire. By definition situational irony happens when the final outcome is opposing to what was expected. Basically his proposal was for poor children roaming around theRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift860 Words   |  4 PagesI was informed to read â€Å"A Modest Proposal† by Jonathan Swift as an assignment for creating annotated bibliographies, I began to develop an interest on how Swift came about the matte r of his request into rebuilding Ireland s economy and way of life. I believed that Swift added cannibalizing children to the subject matter to give his proposal a more profound and eye-opening effect, but my readings further piqued my interests on the topic. As a result, I researched Jonathan Swift’s motives and styleRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1057 Words   |  5 Pages A Modest Proposal â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, written in 1979 by Jonathan Swift, is a fascinating sardonic, overwhelming hyperbole. He explores the miserable fate of poverty-striven Irish whose struggle in vain in an effort to feed their huge emaciated families. In the essay, Swift advocates that the penurious Irish should sell their babies to the rich ladies and gentlemen and obtain monetary power required to ease their economic predicaments. The straight-faced parody that features predominantly in theRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1340 Words   |  6 PagesA Modest Proposal was written in the year 1729 by the famous satirist Jonathan Swift. In his work he outlines the pros of eating unwanted children of Ireland for economical benefits in a time of great poverty. While the reader can obviously discard the idea of eating children, in his proposal, in a roundabout way, Swift speaks to hard pressing issues of the time. The state of Ireland is well described by Swift in this piece. He speaks of woman who â€Å"instead of being able to work for their honestRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1795 Words   |  8 PagesHave you ever thought about eating an infant to ease your economic hardship? You’re not the only one! Jonathan Swift wrote an entire pamphlet about it (satirically, of course). Satire has the ability to point out societal inadequacy and ridicule political policies in a way that is humorous in its absurdity while masking its true intent. In A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift, the author’s use of exaggeration and irony to draw attention to the meaningless lives of the Irish people to English ruleRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1032 Words   |  5 PagesJonathan Swift’s satirical pamphlet, A Modest Proposal, as a way to ironically find a way For the CommonWealth of Ireland to benefit from the starving children. He proposes the idea that an un wanted child should be fattened up then feed to landlords or have their meat sold in the market. In turn curing the nation’s problem of overpopulation and contribute to the economic well-being of the nation. Swift’s satire exploits the fundamental human function of eating. The need to eat is a driving human

Etiology of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Cbt) - 7923 Words

Cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) of depression is a psychotherapeutic treatment approach that involves the application of specific, empirically supported strategies focused on changing negative thinking patterns and altering behavior. In order to alleviate the symptoms of depression, treatment is directed at the following three domains: cognition, behavioral and physiological. In the cognitive domain, patients learn to apply cognitive restructuring techniques so that negatively distorted thoughts underlying depression can be corrected, leading to more logical and adaptive thinking. Within the behavioral domain, techniques such as activity scheduling, social skills training and assertiveness training are used to remediate behavioral†¦show more content†¦The positive effects of CBT come from attacking and defeating thoughts and behaviors that can cause negative emotions. CBT is powerful because it teaches the client about the detrimental significance of the maladaptive thi nking processes and maladaptive behaviors have triggered thoughts based more on assumptions than facts. This, in turn, has a powerful influence on affecting the clients behavior in a healthy and positive direction (Kozak, 2003). Process and Steps CBT is oriented towards empowering the patients. Within this specific, brief psycho-therapeutic treatment modality, the emphasis is on providing patients with skills to offset maladaptive symptoms. The two primary goals of CBT is to first create a therapeutic alliance between client and therapist and then, to use that alliance to facilitate treatment techniques within therapy sessions to create a positive emotional spiral wherein patients can implement specific strategies to offset their maladaptive symptoms, thus called cognitive restructuring (Sanderson, 2000). The first step in facilitating cognitive change is to develop and maintain a therapeutic alliance between client and therapist. The term collaborative empiricism characterize the nature of the therapist-patient relationship in cognitive therapy.Show MoreRelatedEffectiveness Of Highly Sequenced Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Other Specified Feeding Or Eating Disorders And Anxiety1332 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2005, Swedish researchers, Nevonen and Broberg, investigated the effectiveness of highly sequenced cognitive-behavioral therapy for Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders and anxiety. They released a study examining thirty five EDNOS participants with a mean age of 20.5, matched and randomized to twenty three sessions of sequenced CBT, followed by either individual or group therapy. Intention-to-treat analysis was used and participants were measured pre, post-treatment, and at one and 2Read MoreThe Therapeutic Process Of The Bowens Transgenerational Model Is Governed By T wo Main Goals1618 Words   |  7 Pageshas. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) The CBT model is based on the theory that an event occurs (the situation), then people assign it a meaning (the interpretation), leading to an emotional, behavioral or physiological change (the reaction) (Ledley, Marx Heimberg, 2010, p. 12). CBT approach believes that people assign meaning to their events, and then the assigned meaning impacts people’s behavior. In this section, it will be analyzed the etiology and treatment of SPD based on the CBT approachRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy ( Cbt ) Essay1717 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an insight-focused therapy that emphasizes the here-and-now. It is typically brief and time-limited, collaborative in nature, fairly structured and empirically based (Freeman, Felgoise, Nezu, Nezu, Reinecke, 2005). Aaron Beck is a major name that arises when discussing the origins of CBT. Beck (1970) contends that individual perceptions of events shape feelings and behaviors. This theory places emphasis on t he concept of automatic thoughts. Automatic thoughtsRead MoreSocial Anxiety Disorder : Symptoms And Treatments Essay1533 Words   |  7 Pageswhich people experience enormous social phobia and are irrationally afraid of being judged by others in social settings (Lima OsoÃŒ rio, 2013).Although it is considered as a common anxiety disorder, I do believe that with appropriate treatments and therapies, individual approach to each patient and willingness to help them, many people can overcome the social phobia, can make stronger interpersonal relationships with their friends and relatives, and can integrate into their social community with no orRead MoreThe Use Of Antidepressant Medication ( Adm )834 Words   |  4 Pagespractitioner has a strong understanding about MDD diagnostic criteria, prevalence, etiology, and prognosis, he or she should then strive to understand recommended MDD treatment modalities. The use of antidepressant medication (ADM), has been a highly regarded treatme nt for depression. In addition, cognitive-based approaches have also seen positive results. Therefore, Hollon et al. (2014) examined the effects of cognitive therapy (CT) combined with ADM, as opposed to ADM alone, on the treatment of individualsRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Interventions For Anxiety Essay970 Words   |  4 Pages Adapting Evidence-Based, Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions for Anxiety for Use With Adults in Integrated Primary Care Settings Zaka Siddiqi General Psychology Mrs. Landman Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions for Anxiety Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of Psychotherapy. It was originally designed to treat depression, but is now used for a number of mental disorders. It works to solve current problems and changeRead MoreCentered Therapy And Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1672 Words   |  7 PagesCentered Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Etiology of Problems Person-Centered Therapists don’t use standardized diagnostic tools to assess client presenting problems – as a way to avoid the kinds of labels that harm client-therapist relationships and as a way to avoid clumping clients together with others of the same condition. A more important initial goal for Person-Centered Therapists is to ensure that the student or client knows and believes that the therapist sees them all as individualsRead MoreCbt : Brief And Time Limited1602 Words   |  7 PagesCBT is known to be brief and time limited. Unlike psychoanalysis, CBT doesn’t dig in too deep and focuses more in the present rather than the past. This type of therapy is also known to be very structured and the relationship with the therapist is not a focus of treatment (Sacks, 2007). CBT has a high work commitment and work doesn’t end when the session ends. When working with CBT the client has to be willing to work outside of therapy on their own as well. This is a collaborative modality whichRead MorePremenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ( Pmdd ) Is A Severe Form Of Premenstrual Syndrome1452 Words   |  6 Pagescan cause impairment with social activities, relationships, and occupational duties. PMDD is thought to be brought on by an altered sensitivity to normal fluctuation in hormones from the menstrual cycle (Hantsoo Epperson, 2015). Other possible etiologies include genetic factors, stress, being overweight or obese, or a past history of depression, trauma, or sexual abuse. A comprehensive review of symptoms is necessary to determine if the severity warrants a diagnosis of PMDD. According to theRead More Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Management of Anorexia2258 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction In this paper, I will discuss how cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be utilized in the management of eating disorders. More specifically I will identify Anorexia Nervosa and provide statistics that relate to the disease. Etiologies will be discussed as well as symptoms. Various techniques of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy will be described as well as the rationale as it relates to the clinical issue. Therapy has been used for many generations as a mean to resolve dilemmas in a

Business Model Innovation and Sources †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Business Model Innovation and Sources. Answer: Introduction: A business model consist specific combination of distribution, supply chain, product, pricing, payment and sales. It is the model which is far more important for the success of the business. It is comprised with two major components that are cost and price. Gross profit is a major point of profitability because the major focus of its only on cost instead of expenses. It does not have concern about the efficiency of business because it focuses on to only business. Business model is very important for the business because it helps to grow the business in a progressive way. A clear business model is important to the growth of any business and it has been considered as the foundation of the innovative technology. New technology cannot come in an existence without a business model. A successful business model is able to enhance the commercial return through cost investment and drive innovation. Business model has the capacity to attract many customers towards the business because with the help of business model, it is proved that the guidance of large scales is not required for the business. A business model consist 9 building blocks which describes all necessary requirements in the favor of business. it defines the strategy of the business without having complexity such as over burdened, high workflow, hierarchy rules, strict rules and regulation. The nine building block of business model is described below: E-business architect is the element of business model. It is the concept in which number of approaches was developed. It has a practical approach which makes able business to think widely. The archetypical business model describes the value proposition, value creation, innovation, customers, organizational architecture and economic dimension to elaborate a complete understanding of making customers in a systematic way with customer value (Baden-Fuller Morgan, 2010). There are seven archetypes which is upper level of abstractions that elaborates basic truths about categories of business. Due to have the tendency of abstractions it is not possible to being evident applying of them. It has prototypes example such as e-commerce and lead generation. Both are the examples of getting something of value and introducing it into the market for the purpose of sale. It has been found that money is being made on the broadcast between the cost of garbing the item and what it can be sold by the seller for the purpose of promoting and marketing. For instance, in the business of online business, same kind of software and content will be the most two common types of things to sold in the market. There are many things will be involved when referring to the concept of a business model as an activity system. An activity in a business model can be engaged by human, physical or capital resources of any elements to the business model. It is required to fulfill the requirement of the overall objective. Am activity system is a group of independent activities of organizational including partners, vendors and customers. Business model as a cost revenue architecture involves key partners, activities and resources. The scale of variable, fixed and economy should be considered effectively. Business model as a revenue stream involves each customer segment and price contribution. The main focus of business model as cost revenue structure to make money by efforts. It would be the target of an organization to make revenue strong so that new opportunities of the business turn into annuities. There are two issues such as static and dynamic. Static issues are having the nature of long term on the other hand dynamic issues have the nature of forceful. The business blocks of business model are able to handle the both issues systematically. Business model as activity system can be used to know about the innovation in the business. There are number of conceptualization components in the business. In the context of e-commerce, conceptual components can be value stream, logistic stream and revenue stream. In the context of entrepreneurial, conceptual components can be market factors, growth factors, competitive strategy, internal capability factors and economic factors. These all are the factors of conceptual arguments which can be used to seek the issues of static and dynamic problem (Sanchez Ricart, 2010). These will be helpful to design or redesign the business models for the business. Apart from that technological input, network architecture, system architecture viewpoint m arket offering, supplier value proposition, customers, competitors and longitudinal process are the conceptual components to design or re-design the business model to analyze the issues of static and dynamic issues. Learning system and delivery system are two major element of business system. As per conceptualization, business system is considered as the assumption of decision maker who is able to decide that in what range business will obtain certain profit at certain time. Profit models as well as business model are the part of business model. As per Itami and Nishano, Google and Toyota are the exact example of the better model. They have settled their model to gin the maximum profit by keeping concern of the customers as well as employee. These are the companies which enhance the productivity of the employees by giving efficient services to their customers without getting any single penny. Toyota is the company which outsources its model of automobile constantly. It maintains the focus on suppliers to gain indirect profit (Itami Nishino, 2010). A business context is a tool of analysis which is operating to analyze the environment in which business operates. Business context can included organization, individual and huge community in it. As per changes in technology and demand of customers, business has to change its business and re-design its model appropriately. There are a number of business notions such as customer, addressable market, value creation, core business and management. It is the business notion of Google, Apple and Facebook that their customers get best possible customer experience (Seville, Buxton Vorley, 2011). The example of addressable market is when Mark Zuckerberg launching a business, he settled out to have a monopoly on customers attention and commitment. It is necessary for the business to make changes without hurting anyone. Value creation is necessary for the business because it beliefs to make tier customers save time and effort, it is considered as the strategic performance indicator. To make am endments for extending a business, it is necessary for the business to make an inventory of what business is at good or what customers are demanded. It is required for the business to replace the notions of expertise by learn ability and innovations (DaSilva Trkman, 2014). Business model is interlinked with technology innovation. The development of technology can help to make new business model for the business. It will definitely impact the managers of the organization in their decision making. There are examples of Google, Amazon and Easy jet which shows that how business get impacted due to changes in business model. The effects of business model innovation are not separated from the effects of business model on performance due to technological innovations. It has been analyzed that innovations by technological influences performance and reviews (Bharadwaj, El Sawy, Pavlou Venkatraman, 2013). Regarding changes in business models, managers of the organization should be more active because a business model is a structure to gain more profit within certain period of time. It contains nine blocks in it and as per technological innovation, it is required to bring changes in the organization (Schaltegger Wagner, 2011). In the article of Zott and Amit ar gued that there are two parameters of design: design elements and design theme. Manager need to focuses on them because design elements describe the specifications of drivers in the context of customer values, which can be elaborated in the term of complementary, lock in efficiency and novelty. Design theme is considered as the structure in which discussion of activity system performance made. With the help of these parameters of articles, manger of the organization would be able to take the decision efficiently because the advantages of these parameters of articles are summarized in the order to create and achieve the outcomes of values. It has been concluded that the business model as a system are able to solve the static and dynamic issues, delivering satisfaction and engaged customers with their needs. Business models can be blindly applied to a setting which brings attention of customers regarding difference and creativity. In this report e-archetype, business model as system activity and business model as cost- revenue structures has been elaborated. Various kinds of business conceptual components have been discussed in this report which will be helpful to reduce the effect of static and dynamic issues within the organization. A business context and notion has been mentioned in this report effectively which will be useful for further studies. Technological innovation can be seen day by day and it is required for the business to make changes its model as per trend of the market. References Baden-Fuller, C. Morgan, M.S. (2010). Business Models as Models . Long Range Planning 43 (2010) 156e171. Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O. A., Pavlou, P. A., Venkatraman, N. V. (2013). Digital business strategy: toward a next generation of insights. DaSilva, C. M., Trkman, P. (2014). Business model: What it is and what it is not. Long range planning, 47(6), 379-389. Itami, H., Nishino, K. (2010). Killing two birds with one stone: profit for now and learning for the future. Long Range Planning, 43(2), 364-369. Sanchez, P. Ricart, J. E. (2010). Business model Innovation and sources of value creation in low-income markets. European Management Review (2010) 7, 138-154. Schaltegger, S., Wagner, M. (2011). Sustainable entrepreneurship and sustainability innovation: categories and interactions. Business strategy and the environment, 20(4), 222-237. Seville, D., Buxton, A. Vorley, B. (2011). Under what conditions are value chains effective tools for pro-poor development?. Retrieved on 19th April 2017 from: https://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/16029IIED.pdf. Teece, D. J. (2010). Business Models, Business Strategy and Innovation. Long Range Planning, vol 43 2010.

Coll Quiz free essay sample

C Achieved a 4. 0 cumulative grade point average. D. Been in compliance with OPUS policies on academic integrity in all classes, assignments and interactions. E All of the above Question 4 of 20 Students may be disgruntled for inactivity from OPUS based on which of the following: D. Lifted student fails to complete at least one course during a 12-month period. Although a large percentage of the learners at American Public University are military or family of military, civilians are also valued learners at this institution. These learners include which of the following: A. Working professionals. B. Adult learners. C. Government employees. D. Corporate employees. E All of the above plus more. Question 6 of 20 Turbulent is an online plagiarism checker used by OPUS instructors and students to check the originality of written student work. Question 7 of 20 All courses are offered in 8 week sessions. False Question 8 of 20 Which of the following is false regarding requesting extensions: A. We will write a custom essay sample on Coll Quiz or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The student can file an extension request at any time during the course. Question 9 of 20 If a student believes he or she will need a course extension, he or she must submit the appropriate forms to request the extension before the posted course end date or the current course extension ends.Question 10 of 20 There is a fee for withdrawing from a class within the first week of class. Question 11 of 20 The culminating activity (final assignment) for COOL 100 is a(n) C. Three to five page written research paper. Question 12 of 20 0. 0/0. 5 points undergraduate students who do not maintain a GAP of 2. 5 or higher will be placed on Academic Probation. Question 13 of 20 0. 0/0. 5 Points Though exceptions can be made at the discretion of the instructor, unless other arrangements have been made for an extension, an assignment submitted late in COLLIE is subject to a penalty of how much? Question 14 Of 20What is the minimum Cumulative Grade Point Average (GAP) an undergraduate must have in order to remain in good standing and earn a degree at OPUS? C. 2. O Question 15 of 20 Academic dishonesty could be considered: A. Submitting another person s work. B. Writing a paper for someone else. C. Submitting the same work for credit without approval (e. G submitting the same assignment twice for different courses). D. III of the above. Question 16 of 20 OPUS has a standard writing style format required of all students, regardless of academic program. Question 17 of 20 If you choose to withdraw from a class, which of the following is true:A. The average you had at the point of withdrawal Will not be included in your cumulative average. B. You will receive a MI designation on your transcript. C. You may be entitled to some tuition refund depending on what week you withdraw. D. III of the above Question 18 of 20 The course syllabus provides students with important information about the course. Which of the following is not a component of the course syllabus?

Judaism Modernization In America Essays - Semitic Peoples

Judaism Modernization In America The Jewish way of life has been affected in a tremendous way by the people of the United States of America. By the time of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, there were only 2500 Jews in America. For forty years beginning in 1840, 250,000 Jews (primarily from Germany, Hungary, and Bohemia) entered this country. Anti-Semitism and economic woes in Eastern Europe went from bad to worse after the pogroms of 1881-1882. Almost three million Eastern European Jews left between 1881 and 1914, two million (85%) of which decided to come to America, where they thought "the streets were paved with gold." They were wrong. Because of this intercontinental migration, the social characterization of Jews in America changed drastically. Before the move, the largest group in the early eighteenth century were the Sephardic Jews. They lived in the coastal cities as merchants, artisans, and shippers. The Jews who predominately spoke German came to America over 100 years later, and quickly spread out over the land. Starting as peddlers, they moved up to business positions in the south, midwest, and on the west coast. New York City had 85,000 Jews by 1880, most of which had German roots. At this time in American history, the government accepted many people from many different backgrounds to allow for a diverse population; this act of opening our borders probably is the origin of the descriptive phrase "the melting pot of the world." These German Jews rapidly assimilated themselves and their faith. Reform Judaism arrived here after the Civil War due to the advent of European Reform rabbis. Jewish seminaries, associations, and institutions, such as Cincinnati's Hebrew Union College, New York's Jewish Theological Seminary, the Union of American Hebrew Congregations (UAHC), and the Central Conference of American Rabbis, were founded in the 1880s. America was experimenting with industry on a huge scale at the time the Eastern European Jews that arrived. Their social history combined with the American Industrial Age produced an extremely diverse and distinct American Jewry by the end of the intercontinental migration, which coincided with the start of the Great World War (World War I). Almost two out of every three new immigrants called the big northeast municipalities (such as the Lower East Side of New York) their new home. They would take any job available to support the family, and they worked in many different jobs which were as physically demanding as they were diverse. The garment district in New York today was made from the meticulousness, the sweat, and the determination of the Jews. Low pay, long hours, and disgusting working conditions characterized the average working day. Labor unions fought for these workers' rights and eventually won. There are stories of men in the Lower East Side of New York who started to sell rags from a cart, and slowly moved up the ladder in time to run a small clothing shop. Like other Jews in America at this time, they sacrificed the Sabbath to work during it, but it was for the good and the support of his family. The 1890s saw the birth of many Jewish-oriented charities were organized to raising funds for medical and social services, such as Jewish hospitals and Jewish homes for the aged. The American Jewish Committee was formed in 1906 to attempt to influence the American government to aid persecuted Jewish communities overseas. B'nai B'rith, a Jewish fraternal society, was set up in 1843 by German Jews in America; in 1913 it instituted the Anti-Defamation League to combat anti-Semitism. Today the ADL combats not just anti-Semitism, but also racism and other discriminants. Furthermore, The B'nai B'rith Hillel Foundation has put together Hillel Houses at major college campus throughout the country to ensure that Jewish college students get an adequate religious experience. Anti-Semitism in America did not become widespread until the turn of the century. Anti-Semitism follows Jews around; it is not part of a community unless Jews live with them in that community and the gentiles don't want them there. Jews were informally ostracized from clubs and resorts, and were denied entrance to colleges and other institutes of higher learning. Moreover, it was a common practice to not employ Jews in particular professions and basic industries. Between World War I and World War II the United States placed limits on the number of Jews allowed in per year. Zionism, the movement formed by Jews to get themselves to a land that they can call their own, had a definite impact on American Jewry during Zionism's times of development and

Utility and Marginality

Utility and Marginality Introduction The classical economist, Adam Smith, presented the diamond-water paradox theory in academic circles. Concisely, the diamond-water paradox theory refers to the outright contradiction that, despite water being more useful for human survival than diamonds, the latter is highly priced in the market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Utility and Marginality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Blaug (1962) observes that, Adam Smith had presented this theory based on value, which in this context had two meanings: value in use and value in exchange. Water has a higher value in use since it is more essential for human survival than diamonds (p.17). However, since water is readily available in almost all human habitats, it has lower/little value in exchange. On the other hand, diamond is very scarce; therefore, most people would be willing to give more money in its exchange than water, making it a very expensive commod ity. Adam Smith’s presentation of the theory later came under criticism because the comparison being between heterogeneous commodities could have been explained better by the concept of marginal utility, which he had ignored. Wage Determination in Labor Markets Marginality is a term used for reference to a commodity pricing process that is neither based on the usefulness (total Utility) nor the amount of labor expended for production, but rather on its marginal utility. Marginal utility can be explained by assuming a rational consumer will consume commodities A and B in such a combination as to derive maximum utility. Further, consumption of any additional unit by the consumer marginal utility derived would be smaller. This phenomenon (reducing marginal utility) is known as diminishing marginal utility. Since water is readily available, its average consumption per person is relatively high, hence results in low marginal utility. Diamond, on the other hand, is scarce; therefor e, the average consumption of diamond per person is very low and resulting to a high marginal utility. Due to its high marginality, many people are willing to pay a higher price for diamonds than for water. A further scenario that has greatly drawn attention is the paradox of value in the fields of sport and that of noble professions such as teaching. Teachers, in any part of the world, receive very low salaries for their highly esteemed service to the society.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the contrary, sportsmen draw fat paychecks for mere entertainment, a service that society would comfortably live in its absence. The question, however that arises is as to whether this pricing gaps between the two commodities is justifiable. Ensuing is a discussion on the two professions and the factors that lead to such a lift in the market pricing. Several factors determi ne the wage levels in the labor market. Atchison, Belcher, and Thomsen classified the factors that influence wages in the market into four categories: â€Å"economic, institutional, behavioral, and equity considerations† (2000, p.50). Economic factors refer to the general market forces of supply and demand. Economic factors would perhaps offer a quick explanation as to why a teacher would get a much lower pay than a professional athlete; the teaching industry has more labor supply than the athletics industry therefore the athlete can easily bargain a higher salary than that a teacher. In addition, when one considers the institutional ability and willingness to pay, again it becomes evident that the athletics profession would pay highly since it brings in high revenues as compared to the teaching profession. For instance, the typical sources of revenue for the athletics sport would include ticket sales, commission from food sales, advertisements, sale of broadcasting rights, a nd sale of branded merchandise. The overall revenue collected is usually a huge amount and given the low numbers of athletes then the paycheck is a huge sum of money. On the other hand, the number of teachers is very big and the source of revenues is usually limited to payments from students as well as the budgetary allocations by the government. Given the limited revenues, the teacher has no option but to accept a lower pay than an athlete does. Behavioral factors for wage determination that include competition in the industry play a key role in wage determination. Whereas competition is not a key consideration for a teacher, competition is a key determinant for an athlete, which then means that the teaching discipline would be more congested than the athletics’. Lastly, the principles of equity as a factor of wage determination, dictates that the revenues available be disseminated equitably among the players, which leaves the teacher with a lower average pay than the athlet e because of low revenues.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Utility and Marginality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Diamond-Water Paradox and athletes’ salaries Paradox of value theory as stated above refers to a scenario where a commodity that is seen to as essential to human life is lowly priced, whereas a commodity of little value to human life is highly priced. Teaching is a service that is very important to society as a teacher is the porter who molds the pupil’s future. On the other hand, a sportsman at best would offer just entertainment to society. Despite the great role a teacher plays in shaping the society’s future, the teacher earns significantly lower pay than a sportsperson. As elucidated above, the major explanation for the huge gap in pricing of the two commodities is neither the labor input nor total utility but marginal utility. Whereas a teacher would reach to a very few s tudents (low marginality) sportsman on the other hand, would reach an enormous number of his fans (high Marginality). Athletes’ Salaries and Pricing of sporting events Questions arise as to the connection between the huge salaries for athletics and the pricing of sporting events. Landsburg (2000) stated that â€Å"it’s not his salary that raises the ticket but his ability to raise ticket prices.† An athlete commands a large base of fans that in most cases is willing to reward his/her rare abilities and skills by buying the ticket. In addition, the purchase of the highly priced ticket for a sporting event is purely the consumer’s choice and no one can take away such discretion (Murray, 2002, p.26). Another reason that influences the pricing is market supply and demand forces; given the high demand and limited supply of the sporting event, naturally the prices adjust to bring market operations to a state of equilibrium. The sporting profession has continued to reward its players attractively over the years. In baseball, for example, currently the highly paid player is Alex Rodriguez of New York who earns an average pay of $33 million per year. Therefore, the high salaries of athletes do not raise prices of the sporting events; fans are willing to pay the high prices to enjoy what athletes have to offer and this has in effect increased players’ salaries.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Conclusion The Diamond-water Paradox theory puts forth the generalization and a solid pricing strategy based on marginality and utility. It posits that it is not the total utility (usefulness of diamonds or water) that matters, but the marginal utility (usefulness of each unit of Diamond or Water). In my personal view, the hiring practice of sportsmen should not be regulated since the field has natural regulatory forces that precipitate the best sports teams of the time. Therefore, regulations are not necessary. References Atchison, T., Belcher, D., Thomsen, D. (2000). Wage level And Its Determinants. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Print. Blaug, M. (1962). Economic Theory in Retrospect. Cambridge University Press. Print. Landsburg, S. (2000). At $10 a fan, That’s $17 million. The New York Times. Retrieved from web. Murray, C. (2002, September 6). Scoring the Big Money: Do athletes deserve so many Millions? Here is how you might be responsible for Jete’s paycheck. New York Times Upfront, 42, pp.26.

Global Water Crisis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Global Water Crisis - Research Paper Example Each economy in the world is dependent on water for survival. However, for all its significance, few firms, as well as investors, think strategically concerning the intense commercial risks, which will prevail in a globe where climate transformation is possible to intensify already decreasing water supplies. The scarcity of water is increasing worldwide and it is clear that it will decline more in the future. Businesses as well as investors who have always had taken clean, reliable, and cheap water for granted, are significantly affected by the declining accessibility, diminishing quality, as well as, the increasing demand for water. These issues are currently leading to a reduction in firm’s water allocations, shifts toward full-cost pricing, more strict water quality controls, increasing community resistance.Despite Iran having varying climatic conditions, the country has been experiencing a high water shortage with only a few households connected to a reliable source of wat er. Iran experiences arid as well as semi-arid weather conditions thereby exposing the country to extreme water shortage. Currently, this issue has become more evident because of the recent droughts experienced in particular parts of the nation. Government and other stakeholders are doing very little to reverse the condition which instead of water supply increasing, it is decreasing at an alarming rate. This condition is a threat to the peace being experienced in the region.